Technique for identifying favorite program channels for receiving entertainment programming content over a communications network

ABSTRACT

A favorites list of program channels which a cable TV user likely prefers is generated automatically, from which the user may select a program channel to watch. Each program channel in the favorites list is identified based on a measure of the duration in which the program channel is continuously tuned to. In an embodiment, this measure varies nonlinearly with such a duration. The favorites list may further comprise sublists of program channels which may correspond to different periods of a day, week, etc.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to communications systems and methods, and moreparticularly to a system and method for receiving entertainment programsthrough a communications network, e.g., a cable TV network.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Use of a cable network to deliver programming content, e.g., TVprograms, is ubiquitous. The cable network terminates on set-top boxesat the user premises. It is well known that the cable network alsoprovides program guide data to the set-top boxes. The program guide datatypically contains broadcast time and program channel informationconcerning the programs to be broadcast. The program guide data may beused to populate an interactive program guide (IPG) facilitating auser's access to desired programs on different program channels. Afterreceiving the program guide data from the cable network, the set-top boxstores it in a memory, which is updated from time to time.

Nowadays, the number of program channels providing programming contentover a cable network is ever increasing. Cable users may feeloverwhelmed by the vast number of channels offered. To alleviate this, auser may be allowed to program a set-top box on his/her own to assemblea set of channels as his/her favorite channels. Such a set may beaccessed, e.g., by pressing a “Favorites (FAV)” key on a remote control,from which the user may select a channel by its identifier (e.g., itschannel number) to watch.

Use of digital video recorders (DVRs), such as TiVo and ReplayTVdevices, is also ubiquitous, which provide conveniences to TV viewers.For example, a prior art DVR allows a user to record his/her favorite TVprograms for later review, and exercise a season-pass-like option torecord every episode of his/her favorite program for a period. It mayalso predict what programs from different channels that the user maylike by tracking the genre, actors, etc. of the programs previouslyselected by the user, and automatically record, and recommend to theuser, the predicted programs for viewing.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is premised upon a recognition that the set-up of a“favorites” list in prior art is cumbersome in that a user typically isrequired to go through menu items in order to add a given channel to thelist. In addition, the favorite channels in the list remain unchangeduntil the user revises the list. Because of its static nature, thefavorites list becomes outdated over time as it does not keep up withthe user's changing viewing habit. To update the list each time the userhas to go through the same cumbersome set-up procedure to change thechannels therein.

The invention overcomes the prior art limitations by automaticallyupdating the favorites list containing identifiers of a collection ofprogram channels, which is a subset of the program channels accessibleto a user. A particular program channel is included in the collectionbased at least on a measure of at least one duration in which theparticular program channel has been selected to receive continuouslyprogramming content attributed thereto. In an embodiment of theinvention, this measure is a nonlinear function of such a duration. Forexample, this measure may not be directly proportional to, and may notvary at the same rate as, such a duration.

In accordance with an aspect of the invention, the favorites list maycomprise sublists of program channels corresponding to different periodsof a day, week, etc., which may be updated independently.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

Further objects, features and advantages of the invention will becomeapparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunctionwith the accompanying drawing showing illustrative embodiments of theinvention, in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a broadband communications system inaccordance with the invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a set-top terminal in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart depicting a process for generating a measureconcerning the duration and the manner in which a set-top terminal istuned to a program channel, in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates a table for keeping track of cumulative measures fordifferent program channels in accordance with the invention; and

FIG. 5 illustrates a table for associating addresses of set-topterminals with different user accounts in accordance with an embodimentof the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The invention is directed to providing programming content to usersthrough a broadband communications network, e.g., a cable network.Nowadays, a user may be overwhelmed by the ever-increasing number ofprogram channels (also known as “services”) providing programmingcontent over the cable network. In prior art, a user may program aset-top terminal (STT) to set up a “favorites” list includingidentifiers of a set of program channels which the user prefers towatch. However, such a set-up is cumbersome in that the user typicallyis required to go through menu items in order to add a given channel tothe list. The favorite channels in the list remain unchanged until theuser revises the list. Because of its static nature, the favorites listbecomes outdated over time as it does not keep up with the user'schanging viewing habit. To update the list each time the user has to gothrough the same cumbersome set-up procedure to change the channelstherein.

The invention overcomes the prior art limitations by automaticallyupdating the favorites list based on statistics concerning the programchannels that a user actually accessed. In accordance with theinvention, the favorites list is dynamically and intelligently updatedto include those channels that a user seems to watch “most often,” asdetermined in a manner described below. The invention also is premisedupon a recognition that such favorite channels may vary with differentperiods of the day, perhaps due to the fact that different viewers mayuse the same set-top terminal to access program channels in thoseperiods, respectively. Thus, in accordance with an aspect of theinvention, channel usage may be tracked for separate daily viewingperiods to take into consideration its viewer-dependency.

One typically considers the “most often” watched channels are thosechannels to which a user tunes and spends a long duration thereon eachtime. However, this measure would bias toward those channels whichprovide relatively long programs, e.g., a movie channel providing 90minute or longer movies, and against those channels which providerelatively short programs, e.g., an MTV channel providing 3-5 minutemusic videos. As such, the measure strictly on the duration spent on aprogram channel may not accurately reflect the user's channelpreferences.

In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, a modified durationmeasure is applied to gauge the user's channel preferences, which doesnot vary linearly with the duration that a user spends on a programchannel. Rather, the modified duration measure affords a weight whichvaries inversely with the continuous duration that a user spends on achannel, and perhaps even no weight when such a duration exceeds acertain limit. In implementation, a timer is used to time the continuousduration spent on the currently viewed channel and causes a count to beincremented when the duration exceeds each milestone time length. Inaccordance with the modified duration measure, the milestone timelengths vary with the successive counts. For example, the milestone timelengths may follow a geometric progression, and the count may beincremented each time when the timer registers a milestone length whichmay be, e.g., twice as long as the previous milestone length. The countfor a channel may be limited to an upper limit regardless of how muchadditional time the user continuously spends on the same channel afterthe maximum count is reached. The higher the cumulative count for achannel over a period of time is, the more “favorite” the channelpresumed to be. In an illustrative embodiment, let's say each time whena user tunes to a program channel, the maximum count for the programchannel is set to be 3, and the milestone lengths are 10, 20 and 40minutes, respectively. That is, in this illustrative embodiment, if auser tunes to a movie channel 15′ and continuously watches a movie thatis 90 minutes long, the timer will cause the count for the movie channelto be incremented when the timer registers an initial 10 minute length(a first milestone length) into the movie, incremented again when itregisters an additional 20 minute length (a second milestone length)into the movie, and incremented once again when it registers another 40minute length (a third milestone length) into the movie. Thus, inaccordance with the modified duration measure, the maximum count of 3 isgarnered for the movie channel as soon as the first 70 minutes of themovie is reached. It should be noted that the modified duration measurein this instance gives no weight or significance to any view time afterthe first 70 minutes of the movie.

In contrast, a user who tunes to a sports channel to watch a footballgame and to a weather channel on every commercial break to monitor thelatest storm, will cause the count for the sports channel to beincremented each time it is tuned in for at least 10 minutes. On theother hand, this behavior will most likely not change the count for theweather channel since the commercial breaks are usually shorter than 10minutes.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, when the count for achannel is increased by a certain value, the counts for all otherchannels are accordingly decreased by the same value, resulting inamplification of the count differentials, and at the same time bettercontrol of the range of the count values.

The invention is also premised upon the recognition that the manner inwhich a user tunes to a program channel may evidence a level of theuser's familiarity with the channel, indicative of certain affinitytherefor. For example, if the user directly keys a channel number on aremote control to access the channel, the user is presumed to have asignificant level of familiarity with, and affinity for, the channel. Inthat case, in accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, bonuspoints may be added to the count for such a channel to take into accounthis/her affinity for the channel in the first place. The bonus pointsmay be added to the count for the channel when the user continuouslywatch the channel for, say, at least 10 minutes (the first milestonelength). In contrast, no bonus point is awarded if the user merely“surfs” to a channel presumably by chance.

FIG. 1 illustrates components of a broadband communications system 100,e.g., a cable system. Headend 120 receives incoming programmingattributed to various program channels, and provides cable televisionservices to STTs including STTs 180-1 through 180-L, where L representsan integer. It should be noted at this point that the term “programchannel” should not be confused with “transmission channel.” A“transmission channel” signifies a designated frequency band throughwhich a transport stream containing broadcast programs and/or data istransmitted. A “program channel” signifies the source of programmaterial or the service selected by a user to view. For example, a usermay select program channel 2 to view a program channel provided by CBS,program channel 14 to view a program channel provided by ESPN, etc.

In a conventional manner, headend 120 broadcasts programming contentdownstream to STTs 180-1 through 180-L. Headend may also transmit tousers data concerning system messages. Quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) modulators and quaternary phase-shift keying (QPSK) modems in hub130 modulate and format program streams and data received from headend120 and transmits the modulated signals through network 150. In thisinstance, network 150 is a multi-channel delivery network compriseswell-known hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) cable network.

As shown in FIG. 1, one or more service area nodes (SANs), e.g., 161,function as an interface between the STTs and network 150. Inparticular, STTs 180 in a service area or neighborhood are connectedthrough SAN 161 to network 150 and receive therefrom program broadcasts,as well as data, e.g., control information, emergency information, etc.Programming content is broadcast from headend 120 to the STTs through“in-band” transmission channels. These transmission channels may be 6MHz bands populating a forward passband, e.g., 350-750 MHz band, of acoaxial cable, which is allocated for downstream communication fromheadend 120 to the STTs. QAM modulator bank 137 in hub 130 modulates thedownstream communication onto selected in-band channels in accordancewith a QAM scheme.

In addition to the in-band channels, downstream data may be communicatedfrom headend 120 to the STTs via one or more forward data channels(FDCs). FDCs, sometimes referred to as “out-of band” channels, typicallyare used to transport data, e.g., system messages, to the STTs. The FDCsmay occupy the 70-130 MHz band of a coaxial cable. QPSK modem pool 138in hub 130 modulates downstream data onto selected FDCs in accordancewith a QPSK scheme.

Upstream data is transmitted from the STTs to headend 120 via one ormore reverse data channels (RDCs), which occupy a reverse passband,e.g., 5-40 MHz band, of a coaxial cable. Data carried in the reversedata channels is modulated in accordance with a QPSK scheme. Hub 130receives the QPSK signals in the RDC and performs any necessarydemodulation before transmitting the signals to headend 120.

The STTs may utilize a reverse data channel for sending applicationdata, control messages, file requests, etc. Using a contention-basedaccess mechanism established by the Digital Audio Visual Council(DAVIC), a standard setting organization, each STT can share an RDC withother STTs in the network. This mechanism enables an STT to transmitupstream messages without a dedicated connection to a QPSK demodulator.The mechanism also provides equal access to the STTs that share the RDC,and enables detection and recovery from reverse path collisions thatoccur when two or more of the STTs transmit an upstream messagesimultaneously. As also specified by DAVIC, for communications purposes,each STT and network controller 210 are identified by the Internetprotocol (IP) addresses assigned thereto. However, these IP addressesmay be randomly assigned each time the broadband communication system isreconfigured. As a result, the IP address of an STT or that of networkcontroller 210 may change after a system reconfiguration. Nevertheless,each STT and network controller 210 are also assigned a media accesscontrol (MAC) address on a permanent basis, surviving any systemreconfiguration.

Headend 120 includes program material processing unit 231, applicationserver 220, network controller 210, and switching unit 230. In awell-known manner, program material processing unit 231 receives programmaterials from various sources attributed to different program channels,and processes the program materials to form individual program streams.Under control of network controller 210, the program streams areswitched by switching unit 230 to appropriate modulators in QAMmodulator bank 137 in hub 130, where the program streams are modulatedonto the corresponding in-band transmission channels for broadcast tothe STTs over network 150.

Application server 220 represents one or more server systems thatprovide software applications and services for STT users. For example,application server 220 may be a workstation comprising one or moresoftware applications for providing database services, networkmanagement services, interactive program guide services, billingservices, etc.

FIG. 2 illustrates STT 900 representative of the STTs in thisembodiment, which includes, among other things, interface 901 comprisinga conventional cable modem for communications with headend 120 on theone hand, and conventional circuitry for receiving signals from a remotecontrol on the other hand. A conventional “Watch TV” application denoted903 is installed in STT 900 to service broadcast program channels. WatchTV application 903, residing in memory 910, provides such well knownfunctions as channel navigation control, channel selection in responseto a channel change event, etc. A channel change event occurs when auser at STT 900 issues a command to change from one program channel toanother. Such a command may be issued, say, using a remote control (notshown), which signal is receptive by STT 900. Memory 910 in thisinstance comprises one or more caches, disks, hard drives, NVRAMs,DRAMs, Flash ROMs, and/or ROMs.

For example, in memory 910, NVRAM may be used for storage of a user'ssettings and set-top terminal configuration settings, such as parentalcontrol codes, a favorites list, set-top terminal setups, channel maps,authorization tables, and FDC address assignments. DRAM may be used formost application and operating system storage requirements, such asstacks, heaps, graphics, interactive program guide data, marketing dataand usage data, and functions such as MPEG-2 video decompression, AC-3audio decoding, and video manipulation. ROM may be used for storage ofthe operating system. Flash ROM may be used for storage of residentapplication software, as well as patches of the operating system andapplication software which are downloaded to STT 900 from headend 120after STT 900 has been deployed at the user's premises.

Processing unit 905 orchestrates the operations of STT 900. It executesroutines including, e.g., Watch TV application 903 and serviceapplication routine (SAR) 907 stored in memory 910. Instructed by SAR907, unit 905, among other things, monitors channel change events,administer channel, service and other tables in STT 900, maintainsfavorites list 909 in accordance with the invention, etc.

FIG. 3 illustrates a subroutine (denoted 300) of SAR 907 forimplementing the above-described modified duration measure to determinea user's “favorite” program channels in accordance with the invention.Subroutine 300 is invoked upon detection of a program channel changeevent in which a user tunes to, say, program channel 5 from anotherchannel or from an “off” state of STT 900. At step 303, unit 905determines whether the user access the new program channel, i.e.,program channel 5, by keying the channel number, i.e., “5,” directly ona remote control. If unit 905 determines that interface 901 received asignal from the remote control containing a specific channel numberselection command as opposed to, say, containing a channel numberincrement command in a channel “surfing” scenario, unit 905 at step 306establishes a bonus flag which is initially set to “0” and proceeds tostep 309. Otherwise, unit 905 proceeds to step 309 directly where unit905 sets timer 911 to time the continuous duration, in which STT 900 istuned to program channel 5, for the first milestone time length, e.g.,10 minutes. During the milestone time length, unit 905 monitors for anychannel change event, as indicated at step 312. Upon detection of achannel change event, subroutine 300 comes to an end. Otherwise, unit905 proceeds to step 315 where unit 905 sets the count for the programchannel in question to one. At step 318, unit 905 sets any bonus flagestablished at step 306 to “1.” At step 321, unit 905 resets timer 911to time the continuous duration, in which STT 900 is tuned to the sameprogram channel, for a subsequent milestone time length, which in thisinstance is twice as long as the previous time length. During thesubsequent milestone time length, unit 905 monitors for any channelchange event, as indicated at step 324. Upon detection of a channelchange event, subroutine 300 proceeds to step 333 described below.Otherwise, unit 905 at step 327 increments the count for the programchannel in question by one. At step 330, unit 905 determines whether thecount is smaller than or equal to a maximum count, which is three inthis instance. If not, unit 905 returns to step 321. Otherwise, unit 905proceeds to step 333 where it determines whether the bonus flag valueequals “1.” If so, unit 905 at step 336 adds bonus points (e.g., 2 inthis instance) to the count value and proceeds to step 339. Otherwise,unit 905 directly proceeds to step 339 where it modifies the content ofa statistical table based on the resulting count value for the programchannel in question.

FIG. 4 illustrates the statistical table denoted 400 which is maintainedin memory 910 for keeping track of cumulative count values for differentprogram channels, respectively. As shown in FIG. 4, statistical table400 includes columns corresponding to different program channels, e.g.,program channels 2, 5, 7 . . . . It also includes four rowscorresponding to different periods of a day (e.g., 6 am to 12 pm, 12 pmto 6 pm, 6 pm to 12 am, and 12 am to 6 am) to take into considerationany viewer dependency discussed before, i.e., possibly different viewerswatching TV at the same STT in the different periods.

Referring also to FIG. 3, specifically at step 339 unit 905 consults aclock (not shown) in STT 900. Depending on the current time of theclock, unit 905 increases, by the count value resulting from subroutine300, the cumulative count for the program channel in question in theappropriate row of table 400. By way of example, let's say the currenttime is 5 pm, and the count for the program channel in question, say,program channel 5, resulting from subroutine 300 is 3. In this example,unit 905 will increase the cumulative count value “10” for programchannel 5 in row 607 corresponding to the period 12 pm to 6 pm by 3. Atthe same time, unit 905 will decrease the cumulative count values forall other program channels in row 607 by 3. Thus, for example, unit 905will decrease the cumulative count value “4” for program channel 2 inrow 607 by 3. Since in this instance a cumulative count value cannot beless than zero, for those other program channels in row 607 havingcumulative count values of 3 or less (e.g., program channels 7 and 9),they will become zero.

In accordance with the invention, favorites list 909 is automaticallyupdated from time to time, e.g., at a predetermined frequency. In thisinstance, favorites list 909 actually comprises four sublistscorresponding to the four different time periods of a day (i.e., 6 am to12 pm, 12 pm to 6 pm, 6 pm to 12 am, and 12 am to 6 am). In fact, thefour favorites sublists may be updated independently, e.g., at differentfrequencies or times.

However, in this illustrative embodiment, the four sublists are updatedautomatically at the same time. When each favorites sublist is updated,unit 905 examines the corresponding row of table 400 and determines theK program channels having K highest cumulative count values in that row,where K represents an integer. As a result, after an update, a freshfirst favorites sublist is realized which contains K “favorite” programchannels for the 6 am to 12 pm period (corresponding to row 605), whichare ordered with the most favorite program channel having the highestcumulative count value listed first; a fresh second favorites sublist isrealized which contains K “favorite” program channels for the 12 pm to 6pm period (corresponding to row 607), which are ordered with the mostfavorite program channel having the highest cumulative count valuelisted first; a fresh third favorites sublist is realized which containsK “favorite” program channels for the 6 pm to 12 am period(corresponding to row 609), which are ordered with the most favoriteprogram channel having the highest cumulative count value listed first;and a fresh fourth favorites sublist is realized which contains K“favorite” program channels for the 12 am to 6 am period (correspondingto row 611), which are ordered with the most favorite program channelhaving the highest cumulative count value listed first. In the eventthat two or more program channels in the same sublist have the samecumulative count value, their order in this instance is resolvedaccording to the numeric order of their program channel numbers.

With the favorites sublists in place, when a user presses a “favorites(FAV)” key on a remote control associated with STT 900, unit 905 inresponse consults the clock to determine the current time. Unit 905identifies the period of the day to which the current time belongs, andthe sublist in list 909 associated with that period of the day. Unit 905then selects the most favorite channel in the identified sublist, andtunes to the same. If the user continues to press the FAV key, say,within 60 seconds of the previous FAV key depression, unit 905 selectsand tunes to the next most favorite channel in the sublist, and so onand so forth, thereby cycling through the favorite channels in thesublist. Otherwise, if depression of the FAV key is longer than 60seconds of the previous FAV key depression, unit 905 jumps to the mostfavorite channel in the sublist.

A second embodiment of the invention will now be described, where thescenario in which multiple STTs in the same user location iscontemplated. In one such user location, it is likely that the same userwatches TV at a first STT, say, upstairs for a portion of the dayfollowed by watching TV at a second STT downstairs for a separate oroverlapping portion of the day. In this second embodiment, To moreaccurately reflect the user's channel preferences, application server220 in headend 120 may be programmed to request the STTs in a userlocation to submit thereto cumulative count values in individualstatistical tables 400 in the respective STTs, and generates a jointstatistical table used by each STT in the user location. Such a jointstatistical table may have the same format as table 400, and each countvalue in the joint statistical table is a function of the correspondingcount values of the respective tables 400 in the STTs from the same userlocation. For example, the count value in the joint statistical tablemay be an average of the count values of the respective tables 400.Thus, in this second embodiment, processing unit 905 of each STT in auser location derives favorites list 909 from the count values in thejoint statistical table in the same manner as individual statisticaltable 400 described in the previous embodiment. As a result, each STT inthe same user location would have identical favorites list 909.

To implement the second embodiment, application server 220 utilizes userSTT table 500 illustrated in FIG. 5, which a cable operator may alreadyhave been using for keeping track of STT installations at different userlocations. As shown in FIG. 5, each row of table 500 contains IP (and/orMAC) addresses of the STTs associated with a user account ID whichcorresponds to a user location. For example, as indicated by row 507,accountl corresponding to a first user location is associated two STTsinstalled therein whose addresses illustratively are IP_address11 andIP_address12, respectively.

From time to time, e.g., periodically, application server 220 goesthrough each user account in table 500, and sends a request (e.g.,through an FDC) to the STTs in the user location corresponding to theuser account, which are identified by their addresses in table 500. Sucha request asks the recipient STTs to submit to server 220 copies oftheir respective tables 400. After collecting such copies from the STTs(e.g., through an RDC), application server 220 generates a jointstatistical table described above, wherein each entry in this instancecontains an average of the corresponding count values of the respectivetables 400. The resulting joint statistical table is sent to each STT inthe same user location, and is utilized by the STT to generate favoriteslist 909 in the same manner as individual statistical table 400 in theprevious embodiment.

The foregoing merely illustrates the principles of the invention. Itwill thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able todevise numerous other arrangements which embody the principles of theinvention and are thus within its spirit and scope.

For example, in an embodiment described above, favorites sublists aregenerated which correspond to different periods of a day. In anotherembodiment, favorites sublists are generated which may correspond todifferent days of a week. In that embodiment, for example, a firststatistical table 400 is used to keep track of cumulative counts forprogram channels during weekdays (i.e., Monday through Friday), while asecond statistical table 400 is used to keep track of cumulative countsfor program channels during weekends (i.e., Saturday and Sunday). Suchfirst and second statistical tables are then used for generating“weekday” and “weekend” favorites sublists, respectively. This isparticularly advantageous in the case where a user's viewing habitvaries substantially from weekday to weekend.

In addition, in the second embodiment described above, the jointstatistical table is derived from individual statistical tables 400 fromall STTs in a user location. However, in another embodiment, a user maydesignate a subset of the STTs in the user location which shouldcontribute to the joint statistical table. Such a designation may bereflected in the user STT table 500 by associating only those STTs thatthe user designated with the user's account. As a result, the favoritessublists generated by the designated STTs are different and independentfrom those generated by the non-designated STTs in the same userlocation.

Further, in the disclosed embodiment, the network transport isillustratively realized using HFC cable network 150. However, othernetworks such as digital subscriber line (DSL) networks, ethernetnetworks and satellite networks may be used instead.

Finally, system 100 is disclosed herein in a form in which variousfunctions are performed by discrete functional blocks. However, any oneor more of these functions could equally well be embodied in anarrangement in which the functions of any one or more of those blocks orindeed, all of the functions thereof, are realized, for example, by oneor more appropriately programmed processors.

1. Apparatus for receiving programming content attributed to a pluralityof program channels, comprising: an interface for selecting at least oneof the plurality of program channels to receive programming contentattributed thereto; a memory for storing data identifying at least onecollection of program channels for selection thereof, the collection ofprogram channels being a subset of the plurality of program channels;and a processing unit configured to automatically update the data, aparticular program channel being included in the collection based atleast on a measure of at least one duration in which the particularprogram channel has been selected to receive continuously programmingcontent attributed thereto, the measure being not directly proportionalto the duration.
 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, comprising aset-top terminal.
 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein themeasure varies with a series of time lengths made part of the duration.4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein at least two of the timelengths in the series are not equal.
 5. The apparatus according to claim3, wherein after the series of time lengths made part of the durationhas elapsed, the measure no longer varies with the duration.
 6. Theapparatus according to claim 1, wherein the particular program channelis included in the collection also based on a manner in which theparticular program channel is selected.
 7. The apparatus according toclaim 7, wherein the manner in which the particular program channel isselected includes selecting the particular program channel based on anidentifier thereof.
 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein theidentifier of the particular program channel includes a numberselectable using a device associated with the apparatus.
 9. Theapparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one collectionincludes a plurality of collections of program channels, the pluralityof collections corresponding to respective ones of time periods.
 10. Theapparatus according to claim 9, wherein the time periods comprisedifferent time periods of a day.
 11. The apparatus according to claim 9,wherein the time periods comprise different time periods of a week. 12.The apparatus according to claim 1 comprising a first apparatus, whereinthe particular program channel is included in the collection also basedon one or more measures generated by a second apparatus associated withthe first apparatus.
 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, whereinthe first apparatus is located in the same user location as the secondapparatus.
 14. Apparatus for receiving programming content attributed toa plurality of program channels, comprising: a memory for storingidentifiers of a plurality of subsets of the program channels forselection to receive programming content, the plurality of subsetscorresponding to respective ones of time periods; an interface forreceiving a request for a program channel selection; and a processingunit configured to determine time of the request, one of the subsetswhich corresponds to a time period to which the time of the requestbelongs being selected, an identity of a program channel in the selectedsubset being retrieved for selection.
 15. The apparatus according toclaim 14, wherein make-ups of the program channels in the plurality ofsubsets are updated automatically.
 16. The apparatus according to claim14, wherein make-ups of the program channels in the plurality of subsetsare updated independently.
 17. The apparatus according to claim 14,wherein a program channel is included in one of the subsets based atleast on a measure of at least one duration in which the program channelhas been selected to receive continuously programming content attributedthereto.
 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the measure isa nonlinear function of the duration.
 19. The apparatus according toclaim 17, wherein the program channel is included in one of the subsetsalso based on a manner in which the program channel is selected.
 20. Theapparatus according to claim 19, wherein the manner in which the programchannel is selected includes selecting the program channel based on anidentifier thereof.
 21. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein theidentifier of the program channel includes a number selectable using adevice associated with the apparatus.
 22. The apparatus according toclaim 14, wherein the time periods comprise different time periods of aday.
 23. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the time periodscomprise different time periods of a week.
 24. The apparatus accordingto claim 14 comprising a first apparatus, wherein the program channel isincluded in one of the subsets also based on one or more measuresgenerated by a second apparatus associated with the first apparatus. 25.The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the first apparatus islocated in the same user location as the second apparatus.
 26. A methodfor use in an apparatus for receiving programming content attributed toa plurality of program channels, comprising: providing an interface forselecting at least one of the plurality of program channels to receiveprogramming content attributed thereto; storing data identifying atleast one collection of program channels for selection thereof, thecollection of program channels being a subset of the plurality ofprogram channels; and automatically updating the data, a particularprogram channel being included in the collection based at least on ameasure of at least one duration in which the particular program channelhas been selected to receive continuously programming content attributedthereto, the measure being not directly proportional to the duration.27. The method according to claim 26, wherein the measure varies with aseries of time lengths made part of the duration.
 28. The methodaccording to claim 26, wherein at least two of the time lengths in theseries are not equal.
 29. The method according to claim 26, whereinafter the series of time lengths made part of the duration has elapsed,the measure no longer varies with the duration.
 30. The method accordingto claim 26, wherein the particular program channel is included in thecollection also based on a manner in which the particular programchannel is selected.
 31. The method according to claim 30, wherein themanner in which the particular program channel is selected includesselecting the particular program channel based on an identifier thereof.32. The method according to claim 31, wherein the identifier of theparticular program channel includes a number selectable using a deviceassociated with the apparatus.
 33. The method according to claim 26,wherein the at least one collection includes a plurality of collectionsof program channels, the plurality of collections corresponding torespective ones of time periods.
 34. The method according to claim 33,wherein the time periods comprise different time periods of a day. 35.The method according to claim 33, wherein the time periods comprisedifferent time periods of a week.
 36. The method according to claim 26,wherein the apparatus comprising a first apparatus, the particularprogram channel being included in the collection also based on one ormore measures generated by a second apparatus associated with the firstapparatus.
 37. The method according to claim 36, wherein the firstapparatus is located in the same user location as the second apparatus.38. A method for receiving programming content attributed to a pluralityof program channels, comprising: storing identities of a plurality ofsubsets of the program channels for selection to receive programmingcontent, the plurality of subsets corresponding to respective ones oftime periods; receiving a request for a program channel selection;determining time of the request; selecting one of the subsets whichcorresponds to a time period to which the time of the request belongs;and retrieving an identity of a program channel in the selected subsetfor selection.
 39. The method according to claim 38, wherein make-ups ofthe program channels in the plurality of subsets are updatedautomatically.
 40. The method according to claim 38, wherein make-ups ofthe program channels in the plurality of subsets are updatedindependently.
 41. The method according to claim 38, wherein a programchannel is included in one of the subsets based at least on a measure ofat least one duration in which the program channel has been selected toreceive continuously programming content attributed thereto.
 42. Themethod according to claim 41, wherein the measure is a nonlinearfunction of the duration.
 43. The method according to claim 41, whereinthe program channel is included in one of the subsets also based on amanner in which the program channel is selected.
 44. The methodaccording to claim 43, wherein the manner in which the program channelis selected includes selecting the program channel based on anidentifier thereof.
 45. The method according to claim 44, wherein theidentifier of the program channel includes a number selectable using adevice associated with the apparatus.
 46. The method according to claim38, wherein the time periods comprise different time periods of a day.47. The method according to claim 38, wherein the time periods comprisedifferent time periods of a week.
 48. The method according to claim 38,wherein the apparatus comprises a first apparatus, the program channelbeing included in one of the subsets also based on one or more measuresgenerated by a second apparatus associated with the first apparatus. 49.The method according to claim 48, wherein the first apparatus is locatedin the same user location as the second apparatus.